Hassan Kasaei
The Master of Persian Ney
Hassan Kasaei (born October 3, 1928, in Isfahan – passed away June 15, 2012, in Isfahan) is one of the most prominent figures in Persian music, renowned for his exceptional skill and artistry as a ney and setar player. A true master of the ney (a traditional Persian flute), Kasaei’s impact on Persian classical music and his innovative contributions to the art form have solidified his place as one of the foremost musicians in Iranian history.
Early Life and Musical Roots
Born into a merchant family in Isfahan, Kasaei’s exposure to music began at a young age. His father, Seyed Javad Kasaei, was a well-known merchant with a deep affinity for Persian music. The Kasaei household often hosted gatherings of some of the greatest musicians of the time, including figures like Seyed Hossein Taherzadeh, Jalaleddin Taj Esfahani, Akbar Khan Norouzi, and Adib Khansari, which fostered a rich musical atmosphere for young Hassan.
It was through these early encounters with master musicians that Kasaei became captivated by the sound of the ney. At the age of 12, Kasaei decided to pursue his musical passion and sought formal training with Mehdi Navaei, a prominent ney master. Kasaei’s education in Persian music expanded over the years, with studies in avaz (vocal modes) under Taj Esfahani and Adib Khansari, and further mentorship with Aboulhasan Saba.
Mastery and Contributions
Kasaei’s virtuosity on the ney quickly became evident, and he went on to become one of the most influential ney players in Persian music. His unique sound, distinguished by its purity and emotional depth, was a significant breakthrough for the instrument. Historically, the ney had struggled to achieve a consistent and pure tone across its range, but Kasaei’s innovative approach to breath control and the articulation of notes allowed him to produce a remarkably clear and resonant sound. This development helped the ney gain wider recognition as a prominent instrument in Persian classical music, elevating it to the level of other traditional instruments like the tar, setar, and santur.
Kasaei’s ability to produce nuanced tones in both the lower and higher registers set him apart, allowing him to showcase the ney’s full emotional range. His efforts also included introducing the ney to orchestral performances, starting with his groundbreaking work in 1950 with the Radio Army Orchestra in Isfahan. By the late 1950s, Kasaei was performing on Golha (a popular Iranian radio show) and collaborating with a host of renowned musicians, such as Mohammad Reza Shajarian, Jalil Shahnaz, and Ali Tajvidi.

International Impact of Hassan Kasaei
Kasaei’s influence extended far beyond Iran. His first international recording, released in 1967, featured his ney playing alongside world-renowned percussionist Jahangir Beheshti. His musical legacy reached a global audience, with his works being played across Europe and North America. Kasaei also participated in the Shiraz Art Festival, where he collaborated with international musicians like Ravi Shankar and Bismillah Khan, further solidifying his place in the global music scene.
After the Iranian Revolution of 1979, Kasaei continued his work with the Iranian diaspora, performing in Germany, England, France, and the Netherlands. His influence extended well into the 1980s, when he received international recognition for his contribution to world music, including a dedicated exhibition in London’s Gallery of World Music Heroes in 1989.
Innovations in Ney Playing
Hassan Kasaei is credited with transforming the ney into an instrument capable of achieving a previously unreachable level of technical sophistication. His experimentation with tongue and breath techniques eliminated the impurities of sound that had plagued the instrument for centuries. He also refined the ney’s tuning, adapting it to the various dastgahs (musical modes) of Persian music, and made the instrument more suited for ensemble performances. His educational contributions to the art of ney playing were groundbreaking, especially his instructional recordings, which serve as vital resources for aspiring ney players to this day.

Legacy and Recognition
Hassan Kasaei’s influence on Persian music is immeasurable. He not only perfected the technical aspects of the ney but also elevated it to a position of prominence among the traditional Persian instruments. His contributions are still felt today, with his works serving as the foundation for modern ney-playing.
In recognition of his lifetime of achievements, Kasaei received numerous awards, including the prestigious First Rank Culture and Arts Medal in 1999. His final years were dedicated to the transmission of his knowledge to younger generations, ensuring that his influence would live on.
Kasaei’s inclusion of the ney in orchestral arrangements in the 1950s changed the way the instrument was perceived in Persian music.
His collaborations with prominent musicians and his innovative recordings, such as “Nay-e-Javan” and “Salar-e-Nay,” showcased his technical brilliance and musical expression.
Kasaei dedicated much of his later life to teaching and mentoring the next generation of ney players, ensuring that his legacy would continue.
He collaborated with prominent international musicians and performed on stages worldwide, bringing Persian classical music to the global stage.
Philosophy and Thoughts of Hassan Kasaei
Kasaei had a profound belief in the connection between technique and creativity. He was adamant that music should never be stagnant and stressed the importance of creating one’s own voice rather than merely imitating the works of others. As he once famously said, “Imitation will never lead to greatness. It is creativity that defines the true artist.
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